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1.0 "Birth of the animated film"

trials that are developed primarily by strength in the combination of movement and image are especially those expressed by the Hollywood cartoon, in which also includes the large European trial, suitable for a mass audience, therefore, directed to the fun.
The curiosity to find a solution to the optical movement was not a problem faced by a few people and come to realize when the invention of the cinema in 1895 the Lumiere brothers opens the door to the representation of the imagination.
The cartoon or cartoons with the invention of cinema tends to differ from the film "live" from the outset for the specific characters: compose a cartoon is a technical operation that is independent from both the mechanical reproduction of the phenomenal reality is, in certain extreme cases, by same use of the camera. The movement is given by an optical illusion, that is, the succession in a very short time (24 frames per second, the scrolling speed of the film) still images, unlike the film "live" but that does nothing but play a movement already exists in the recovery phase.
therefore begins to tell from the first optical experiments, which are essential for the development of the drawn starting Émile Reynaud . His passion from childhood to the technique and art Reynaud allowed to patent as early as 1877, prassinoscopio. In 1888 Reynaud
patents "optical theater" , which is based on the same principle engineer prassinoscopio but updated and expanded based on recent scientific discoveries. In fact the very same year they introduced the transparent films, flexible celluloid of indefinite length, which was replacing the cylinder, with holes in the edges to allow scrolling in front of the light source by means of special gear wheels, capable of projecting images on a larger screen.

"optical theater" Émile Reynaud, 1888

Between 1892 and 1900 Reynaud was able to realize the first "projections through" (for the procedure I described above) or "pantomime bright." Also in
Fancie in the early years of the century Georges Méliès, instead of the documentary film, using some tricks to create special effects to dazzle audiences in cinemas.

using the technique of "single shot", the technique behind the animation, in order to achieve special effects, such as that of the disappearance or sudden appearance of or replacement instant in the same scene of objects or people. It was to animate objects, in short, in hundreds of movies "live" in fantastic setting by the same technique that is later used to animate puppets or drawings. In addition to Georges Méliès known as the master magician and the makeup and size of the "unreal" film in the same period switches the American director and cartoonist James Stuart Blackton , which introduces first animation film of 1906 "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces", really funny!

"Humorous Phases of Funny Faces "by James Stuart Blackton, 1906

The following year was a success with" The Haunted Hotel ", where the public was astonished to see objects turn, that move alone or be transformed into other objects.
The first film documenting the ability to use both the principles of their tricks of the animation is undoubtedly "El Hotel electrico" the English Segundo de Chomón , presumed to be the 1905. We remember him in Italy for the collaboration as chief cameraman in the movie "Cabiria" by director John Pastrone , in which the ' Chomón technical ability is excellent especially appreciate the use of the truck and other camera movements. In France, Émile Cohl in 1907 was commissioned by the film company Gaumont in Paris to make some animated film inspired by the success of "The Haunted Hotel", where thanks to his interest and his technique in 1908 to Paris presents the film "Fantasmagorie" that can be considered the first true comic strip in the history of cinema.

Émile Cohl's style, characterized by extreme simplicity of the characters that appear and develop on caricature gag humor, stands out for its own artistic expression: the film has a maturity of less than two minutes but just to outline a simple and basic design traits that undergo change in a summary of mutations in a particular formal. Some of his memorable works are "The cauchemar Fantoche du" and "Un drame chez the fantoches", again from 1908.

"Fantasmagorie" Émile Cohl, 1908

the film "Fantasmagorie" will be followed by others, the more time and subjects from a wide variety that will ensure a regular production, especially that in America between 1912 and 1914.

using puppets and various objects produce "Les allumettes animèes", a film that realizes through the use of matches or "Film schèmatique de la bataille d'Austerlitz" in which he introduces as an excellent design half captions on education and science. In America, at the same time we find the most poetic artist

Winsor McCay : born as a cartoonist is dedicated passion for animation film.
Having invented the funny "Little Nemo" (his fictional character) created "Winsor McCay Draws Little Nemo" in 1911 and "Gertie the Dinosaur" in 1914, designed with a few strokes on a simple background, very nice presents to the public following orders given by the McCay himself.

"Gertie the Dinosaur" Winsor Mc Cay, 1914

McCay With the excellent news that there is more than the subjects in an unusual fluidity of the design also made its evolution in the field of design motion that will be difficult to overcome until the thirties and the arrival of Walt Disney .